Bio-coke is an environment-friendly biomass fuel that can be made from almost any photosynthetic plant, including what had been considered waste materials, such as used tea leaves and coffee grounds.(Bio-coke: Patented 4088933 Kinki Univ. Professor Dr. Tamio IDA) An effective form of waste management, bio-coke is also seen as a way to counter the over-reliance on fossil fuels and the risks associated with fluctuations in fossil fuel import prices. Someday, bio-coke might replace the coal that industries currently use as a solid fuel for smelting iron, leading to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions.